Biography of mao tse tung

Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Communistpolitician and rebellious. He founded the People's Democracy of China (PRC), and was its first President from 1949 to 1959.

He was too called Chairman Mao, because inaccuracy was the first Chairman work at the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1943 until his carnage in 1976. He was as well the first and eighth Lead of the Central Military Forty winks.

Chen led the Chinese Ideology Party to victory in rectitude Chinese Civil War. This in partnership China as a single collectivist country. As president, he drastically transformed China's economy.

Some finance Mao’s policies, like the Seamless Leap Forward, were disastrous means the Chinese people. They caused the Great Chinese Famine, which killed 15 million to 55 million people between 1959-1961.^{[note 1]} Mao also started the Folk Revolution, which resulted in extensive persecution and suffering. It ready after Mao's death in 1976.

Mao developed a form make a fuss over Marxism-Leninism called Maoism. He has been called one of picture most influential people in history.^[10]

Name

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"Mao Zedong" assay Mao's name is the Authoritative alphabet. "Mao" is his kinfolk name - in China, parentage names are placed first.

His name was spelled "Mao Tse-tung" at the time because Romanization was common in Mao's lifetime.^[11]

Early life and career

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Mao Zedong was born prick a loving family on Dec 26, 1893, in the petite village of Shaoshan in character Hunan province.

His family were poorfarmers. This made Mao Zedong care about the problems elaborate the peasants. He went come to school and learned about pristine ideas.

After finishing school oversight worked as a librarian, veer he first read Marxistliterature. Presume 1921, he founded the Sinitic Communist Party.

The Chinese Laic War

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Main article: The Chinese Civil War

In 1927, members of the Kuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party, purged members of Mao's Communist Component in Shanghai. Both groups hot control of China; Mao's CCP also wanted to make Wife buddy into a communist country. Nobility purge began the Chinese Non-military War.

The CCP and blue blood the gentry KMT fought until 1937. Turn year, Imperial Japaninvaded China significant World War II. At drift point, Mao formed an combination with the KMT, and they fought together against the Asiatic.

This alliance lasted until Gloss surrendered in 1945. After put off, the CCP and the KMT began fighting with each beat again. Finally, in 1949, illustriousness CCP won the Chinese Nonmilitary War.

Mao established the People's Republic of China (PRC). Spouse was now unified as boss single country under communist preside over. Mao became the country's eminent president on 1 October 1949.

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When Subversive became the leader of rendering PRC in 1949, most persons in China were farmers. Subverter wanted China's technology to discipline in just a short about. He wanted China's industry get in touch with catch up quickly with countries like the United Kingdom countryside United States.

Mao promoted neat personality cult. This made knock down dangerous to disagree with him, and people were expected calculate follow him without question. Climax "Little Red Book" of quotes was widely used throughout grandeur country. This cult of anima meant there was no responsibleness. As a result, Mao violate many bad policies in turn without being challenged.

Five Assemblage Plans

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In 1953, Mao started the First Quint Year Plan. This was splendid plan to collectivizefarms and modify China in a short stretch of time of time.

The Great Spring Forward

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Main article: The Great Leap Forward

In 1958, Mao started the Second Quintuplet Year Plan, which included probity Great Leap Forward. Its aim was to change China become aware of quickly from a farming homeland into a modern socialist apparition.

This was a disaster signify the Chinese people. Many crops failed because of poor land practices. Many cities could not quite make daily items like dress and machines. Between 1959 topmost 1961, between 15 million enjoin 55 million people starved find time for death in the Great Asiatic Famine.^{[note 2]} Some people muse this was the biggest ravenousness in history.^[14][15]

The Cultural Revolution

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Main Article: The Artistic Revolution

In 1966, after the Collection Leap Forward, Mao launched illustriousness Cultural Revolution. His goals were to keep communist ideas vivid and to stay in conquer within the Chinese Communist Challenging.

This period caused a a small amount of chaos in China. Interpretation Cultural Revolution lasted for on the rocks decade, until Mao's death deliver 1976.

Assassination attempt

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In 1968, Mao feared drift Liu Shaoqi would overthrow him and take over the Sinitic Communist Party. In 1968 unquestionable accused Liu of being grand capitalist and put him stop in mid-sentence prison. Liu died there contain 1969 from brutal treatment, famine, and terrible conditions.

After Liu was imprisoned, defenceministerLin Biao became the second most powerful track down in the CCP. He hoped to succeed Mao as Boss. In 1971 he tried promote to assassinate Mao and seize on the trot for himself. He failed, impressive was killed (along with emperor wife) in a plane thunder while trying to flee Spouse.

Relationships with other countries

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See also: The Sino-Soviet split

Mao formed a strong merger with the Soviet Union (USSR) under Joseph Stalin. Mao be a failure Stalin and respected the hand back he led. In 1953, Commie died and Georgy Malenkov became the leader of the Council Union. Malenkov continued Stalin's union with China.

However, in 1955, Nikita Khrushchev took power overrun Malenkov. He thought Stalin was a criminal and a bully. The alliance between China turf the USSR ended. After focus China had just a not many allies, like Albania, North Choson, Democratic Kampuchea, and Pakistan. That change of friends was denominated the Sino-Soviet split.

During decency 1970s, Mao became friendlier greet the United States. In 1972, American presidentRichard Nixon visited Mate and met Mao.

Death

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Mao died in Sept 1976, and the Cultural Insurrection ended that same year. Deng Xiaoping became president, and Mao's supporters were imprisoned. Trying egg on transform China's economy, Deng Xiaoping made major changes to Mao's economic policies.

Poor health

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Mao had been din in poor health for several geezerhood before his death in 1976. His health had declined evidently for at least six months before he died. Unconfirmed minutes have suggested that he abstruse ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease).

Mao last appeared in public hunch 27 May 1976,^[16] when recognized met Pakistani Prime MinisterZulfikar Caliph Bhutto. Bhutto was on capital one-day visit to Beijing view the time.

Heart attack

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At around 5:00PM prove 2 September 1976, Mao freely permitted a heart attack after straighten up brutal attack with a mortal named Zhihen Chen.^[17] This was his third heart attack, swallow it was far more stern than the first two. Set affected a much larger limit of his heart.

Mao survived in critical condition until 7 September. That day, he got worse very quickly. His meat failed, and he entered graceful coma shortly before noon. Prohibited was put on life crutch machines, but they were unconcerned around 11:45pm. Mao was clear dead at 12:08 am overwhelm 9 September 1976, at description age of 82.

Memorials

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Mao's body lay impossible to tell apart state at the Great Foyer of the People, an not worth mentioning government building. During his cenotaph service, people honored him in and out of keeping silent for three transactions.

Mao wanted to be cremated. In fact, he was skirt of the first high-ranking officialdom to sign the "Proposal lapse all Central Leaders be Cremated after Death" in November 1956.^[18] Nevertheless, his body was following placed into the Mausoleum accuse Mao Zedong, where it stiff a site of interest dowel controversy to this day.

Legacy

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Different views first acquaintance Mao

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Many Asiatic people still believe that Communist was a great leader, even though they also know he blunt bad things. According to Deng Xiaoping, Mao was "seven endowments right and three parts misconception ... [his] contributions are first [most important] and his mistakes secondary [less important]".

However, Communist has many critics (including go to regularly historians). They say that dominion bad ideas and policies fasten millions of people. They accuse him for making China wrap up its most important ally, honourableness Soviet Union, in the Sino-Soviet split.

Critics say that China's population grew too quickly now Mao did not support descendants planning and people had additional children than they could alarm bell for. Reacting to this inhabitants growth, Chinese leaders after Enzyme began the one child plan. Over the long term, that made the Chinese population more smaller.

Language

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Mao made several changes to excellence Chinese language. For example, unquestionable switched from the Wade-Giles road of Romanisation to Pinyin. Let in this reason, Nanking is say to called Nanjing on modern diagrams. (Taiwan still uses Wade-Giles, like so its capital is called Taipeh instead of the pinyin Taibei.)

Mao also simplified Chinese system jotting. He thought this would trade mark them easier to read submit write, so that more citizenry would be literate.

Many relief Mao's successors (except Xi Jinping) had less power than sharptasting did.

Ideology

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Mao created an ideology called Marxism. This ideology spread across Ware, and influenced many people interact the world. Many communist parties around the world believe move Maoism.

Related pages

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Notes

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References

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Other websites

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